The livestock sector, despite confronting scores of challenges, possesses significant potential to contribute to the country’s economic growth and rural development. By addressing issues related to infrastructure, animal health, feed quality and market access, the sector can unlock its full potential, suggested experts associated with the sector.
In that regard, they stressed, collaborative efforts between the government, private sector and farmers could pave the way for a more prosperous and sustainable livestock sector, benefiting millions of rural households and strengthening the overall economy.
“One of the primary issues being encountered by the sector is the lack of modern infrastructure and technology. Many farmers rely on traditional methods of animal husbandry, which often result in lower productivity and efficiency,” said Dr Shahid Ali, a renowned livestock expert. “Our farmers still bank on age-old methods, which limit their productivity. There is a dire need for introduction of modern breeding techniques and proper animal nutrition,” he added.
The sector also grapples with poor animal health management. Prevalence of diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis and tick-borne diseases significantly impact animal health and productivity. Limited access to veterinary care and vaccines, coupled with a lack of awareness among farmers about disease prevention and control, further aggravates the situation.
“The frequency of disease outbreaks is alarming. Without proper veterinary services and vaccination programmes, we cannot hope to see an improvement,” remarked Dr Suman Khan, a veterinary specialist in Lahore. Insufficient and irregular supply of fodder and water, reliance on rain-fed agriculture and traditional cropping practices lead to seasonal shortages of fodder, adversely affecting livestock health and milk production.
Additionally, the country’s water scarcity poses a significant threat, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where livestock farming is prevalent, said agricultural economist Dr Shoaib Noor.
“Water scarcity is one of the most pressing issues and efficient water management systems are essential for sustainability of livestock farming,” he added.
The livestock sector comprises cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry, which accounts for around 60% of the agricultural GDP and about 11% of the overall GDP. However, despite its crucial role, the sector faces numerous challenges that hinder its potential.
Still, the sector has immense opportunities for growth and development. With appropriate interventions and strategic planning, it can become a driving force behind economic progress and rural development. By adopting best practices like the use of modern techniques and utilising all available resources with the help of private as well as public sector, weaknesses could be overcome in the crucial sector, said Bilal Hanif, a progressive farmer.
“Our livestock sector is a source of income for millions of Pakistanis. In addition, the arrival of corporate sector has opened up avenues for development of this industry on modern lines,” he said, adding that the government and private sector could collaborate to establish breeding centres and train farmers on modern husbandry practices.
“Enhancing veterinary services and ensuring the availability of vaccines and medicines can significantly reduce disease prevalence and improve overall livestock health,” Hanif said.
“Establishing organised markets, cold storage facilities and efficient transportation networks can facilitate the smooth movement of livestock and livestock products,” said Nisar Ahmad, a small-scale farmer from southern Punjab. “This can help farmers fetch better prices and reduce post-harvest losses.” Additionally, promotion of value-added products such as processed meat, dairy products and leather can open up new avenues for revenue generation and exports.
“Market reforms and infrastructure development are the key to unlocking the sector’s potential,” Ahmad added.
However, all experts believe that the government’s role in policy formulation and implementation is vital. Formulation of livestock-friendly policies that address issues related to land tenure, water management and credit access can create an environment conducive for the sector’s growth. Encouraging public-private partnerships and facilitating access to finance for farmers could further boost investment and innovation, they added.
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